Chapter VII

Decode a bag

Coffee labels are written in a dialect: places, plants, processes and grades. Paste one in.

Try:

  • Country
  • Region
  • Varietal
  • Process
  • Species
  • Grade
  • Term
  • Roast
  • Altitude

    How to read a coffee bag

    Origin and region. Most specialty labels start with a country and narrow down: a region, then a district, a washing station or a farm. The narrower it gets, the more traceable the coffee. A region tells you the altitude band and harvest season it probably came from.

    Varietal. The plant itself: Bourbon, Typica, Geisha, SL28, or a code like 74158 for a selection from an Ethiopian research centre. Some bags just say "heirloom", which usually means a mix of Ethiopian landraces.

    Process. How the fruit came off the seed: washed coffees tend to taste cleaner and brighter, naturals fruitier and heavier, honeys in between. Words like anaerobic, carbonic maceration or yeast-inoculated describe a controlled fermentation on top.

    Altitude and grade. Altitude in metres (masl) is a rough guide to how slowly the cherries ripened. Grades are each country's own system: Kenya's AA is about bean size, Guatemala's SHB about altitude, Ethiopia's G1 about defects.

    Place positions: GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Coastlines: Natural Earth (public domain).